He works in a setting with highly experienced investigators, study coordinators, research assistants and staff in the Clinical Research Unit. Tansey helps to lead the Pediatric Diabetes Research team at the University of Iowa and has extensive experience in clinical research of diabetes technology, including insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitors, interactive text messaging diabetes management as well as the use of accelerometers to monitor physical activity. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.Dr. © 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. Young children with T1D have significant differences in total and regional gray and white matter growth in brain regions involved in complex sensorimotor processing and cognition compared with age-matched control subjects over 18 months, suggesting that chronic hyperglycemia may be detrimental to the developing brain. These changes were associated with higher cumulative hyperglycemia and glucose variability but not with hypoglycemia. Gray matter regions (left precuneus, right temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes and right medial-frontal cortex) showed lesser growth in diabetes, as did white matter areas (splenium of the corpus callosum, bilateral superior-parietal lobe, bilateral anterior forceps, and inferior-frontal fasciculus). However, children with diabetes had slower total gray and white matter growth than control subjects. There were no differences in cognitive and executive function scores between groups at 18 months. Children ages 4 to <10 years with (n = 144) and without (n = 72) type 1 diabetes (T1D) had high-resolution structural MRI and comprehensive neurocognitive tests at baseline and 18 months and continuous glucose monitoring and HbA1c performed quarterly for 18 months.

Here, we assessed whether these differences change over time and the relation with dysglycemia. Significant regional differences in gray and white matter volume and subtle cognitive differences between young diabetic and nondiabetic children have been observed.

13 Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.

12 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD.

11 Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.

10 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.

9 Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL.8 Division of Neurology, Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.Louis, MO Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St.

7 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St.6 Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.5 Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St.4 Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.3 Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.1 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 2 Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.

Michael a mazaika